Net metering for home solar panels

Last updated 7/15/2020

What is net metering?

Net metering (also known as net energy metering or NEM) is a solar incentive that allows you to store energy in the electric grid. When your solar panels produce more electricity than you need, that energy is sent to the grid in exchange for credits. Then, at night or other times when your solar panels are underproducing, you pull energy from the grid and use these credits to offset the costs of that energy.

With the right size solar energy system, you can produce enough electricity to match your home’s electricity use for the entire year. However, the amount of electricity your solar panels produce will vary throughout the year. Net metering helps you account for these differences by crediting you for the excess electricity your panels produce so you can use it later.

While net metering is not the only way that utilities compensate homeowners for going solar, it is by far the most common: as of 2016, 41 states and Washington D.C. have mandatory net metering rules, and two more have utilities that permit the practice. To find out the policies in your state, use the Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE®), which tracks net metering and other policies.

“Net metering can give you a new monthly paycheck”
Fact or Fiction?

FICTION.
With net metering, you can receive utility bill credits for the electricity that your solar panels produce. However, you won’t receive a cash payment from your utility for your excess solar electricity, no matter how much you generate. If you do generate more electricity than you use in a year, utilities in some states will let you carry credits over into future years, while others will reduce your credits.

In general, most homes will produce excess electricity in the summer months and will use more electricity from the grid in the winter. Because these variations in production are fairly predictable, your utility won’t send you a monthly check when you produce more than you need. Instead, you will build up extra credits during the summer months so that you can draw from them at night and during the winter months when you need them. With the right design, your system can generate enough power to match your total electricity use for a year.

How net metering works

Solar energy systems typically hit peak electricity production in the afternoon, when many people aren’t home using electricity. By contrast, home electricity use is typically higher in the mornings and evenings. Net metering helps you to account for these ups and downs in your day-to-day electricity production and usage.

With net metering, excess electricity is fed into your electric utility’s grid when your system is producing more than you need. When this happens, your meter actually runs in reverse. When your system isn’t producing enough electricity, you can draw it from your utility just as you did before you went solar. This “back-and-forth” between your system and the grid ensures that your excess production will still be used and your shortages will be met. With net metering, the excess electricity your home produces covers the times when you don’t produce enough.

When your solar power system generates more electricity than you use over the course of a month, your utility bill will receive a credit based on the net number of kilowatt-hours you gave back to the grid. If you produce less electricity than you use in a given month, you must buy electricity from your utility to make up the difference. In these instances, you would pay for the electricity you use, minus any excess electricity your solar panels generated.

What about going off the grid?

In essence, net metering is like having the grid serve as a giant solar battery. If you install an energy storage system to take your home “off the grid,” you won’t have access to the benefits of net metering. In most cases, staying connected to the electric grid is your best option – while home solar battery systems can account for hour-by-hour variations in solar electricity generation, they aren’t large enough to provide the seasonal “smoothing” benefits of net metering.

With net metering, you can save by going solar

Thanks to net metering, homeowners are credited for the energy that their solar panels generate at the same rate that they would pay to their utility. As a result, you can save tens of thousands of dollars on electricity costs over the lifetime of your solar energy system. Calculate your solar savings to get an instant estimate of just how much you can save with a solar energy system, or register your property to start getting quotes from local solar installers.

Net metering in your state

State	Net Metering?	Alternative Policy?
Alabama	No	No
Alaska	Yes	No
Arizona	Yes	No
Arkansas	Yes	No
California	Yes	No
Colorado	Yes	No
Connecticut	Yes	No
Delaware	Yes	No
District of Columbia	Yes	No
Florida	Yes	No
Georgia	No	Yes
Hawaii	No	Yes
Idaho	Yes*	No
Illinois	Yes	No
Indiana	Yes	No
Iowa	Yes	No
Kansas	Yes	No
Kentucky	Yes	No
Louisiana	Yes	No
Maine	Yes	No
Maryland	Yes	No
Massachusetts	Yes	No
Michigan	Yes	No
Minnesota	Yes	No
Mississippi	No	Yes
Missouri	Yes	No
Montana	Yes	No
Nebraska	Yes	No
Nevada	No	Yes
New Hampshire	Yes	No
New Jersey	Yes	No
New Mexico	Yes	No
New York	Yes	No
North Carolina	Yes	No
North Dakota	Yes	No
Ohio	Yes	No
Oklahoma	Yes	No
Oregon	Yes	No
Pennsylvania	Yes	No
Rhode Island	Yes	Yes
South Carolina	Yes	No
South Dakota	No	No
Tennessee	No	No
Texas	Yes*	No
Utah	Yes	No
Vermont	Yes	No
Virginia	Yes	No
Washington	Yes	No
West Virginia	Yes	No
Wisconsin	Yes	No
Wyoming	Yes	No

* Indicates that policy is not mandatory, but some utilities allow itStart your solar journey today with EnergySage

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